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Monte Argentario is a comune (municipality) and a peninsula belonging to the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 150 km south of Florence and about 35 km south of Grosseto. The peninsula is connected with the mainland by three dams which form two lagoons, the Laguna di Ponente on the west side and the Laguna di Levante on the east side of the middle dam.
The two main villages on Monte Argentario are Porto Santo Stefano, facing north, and Porto Ercole facing south.
The panoramic road Strada panoramica starts in Porto Santo Stefano allowing splendid views of the coast and the Tuscan Archipelago.
Monte Argentario borders the comune of Orbetello, which is located on the middle dam between the two lagoons.
Monte Argentario is a promontory stretching towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in correspondence of the two southernmost islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, Giglio and Giannutri. The promontory was also an island in past times,, but the sea currents and the Albegna river joined it with the mainland through two so-called tomboli (stretches of land), The Tombolo of Giannella and the Tombolo of the Feniglia.
The highest peak of Monte Argentario is the Punta Telegrafo (635 m). The landscape and the coast are mainly rocky; numerous harbors, usually with rock beaches, are present. The municipal seat is in the northern settlement, Porto Santo Stefano.
Der Monte Argentario ist ein annähernd kreisrundes felsiges Vorgebirge, dessen höchste Erhebung (der Monte Telegrafo) 635 m aufweist. Er war in der Antike eine vom offenen Meer umgebene Insel im Tyrrhenischen Meer, an der sich später durch den von dem Fluss Albegna mitgebrachten Schlamm, Sand und Schutt drei Landzungen zum Festland bildeten, die heute das Wasser in der so genannten Lagune von Orbetello umschließen.
Der Zugang zum Monte Argentario vom Festland erfolgt entweder, von Albinia kommend, über die nördliche Nehrung (Tombolo di Giannella) oder über die mittlere, als Damm artifiziell verstärkte Landzunge von Orbetello. Der südliche Tombolo di Feniglia ist nicht mit dem PKW befahrbar.
Zwischen den zerklüfteten Felsen des Felsgebirges wachsen Pinien und die charakteristische Macchia-Vegetation. Kleine sandige Strände erstrecken sich schwer zugänglich tief unterhalb der Steilküsten. Weite Teile der Landschaft außerhalb der beiden Küstenorte auf der Insel sind naturbelassen.
Monte Argentario is een gemeente in de Italiaanse provincie Grosseto (regio Toscane) en telt 12.937 inwoners (31-12-2004). De oppervlakte bedraagt 60,3 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 215 inwoners per km².
De volgende frazioni maken deel uit van de gemeente: Porto Santo Stefano, Porto Ercole.
Voormalig eiland dat in begin 18e eeuw door verzanding van 2 landtongen (Giannella en Feniglia) met het vasteland werd verbonden.
De naam Argentario komt van argentarius (geldlener) omdat het eiland in bezit was gekomen van Romeinse geldschieters in de 4e eeuw. Van 1556 tot het congres van Wenen in 1814-15 was het politiek onafhankelijk van Toscane en onder Spaans bestuur evenals Elba.
Monte Argentario é uma comuna italiana da região da Toscana, província de Grosseto, com cerca de 13.062 (Cens. 2001) habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 60,29 km2, tendo uma densidade populacional de 216,65 hab/km2. Faz fronteira com Orbetello.
CIMA, Concerti in Monte Argentario é actualmente um dos festivais de música internacionais de maior prestígio. A originalidade deste Festival é a de dar a conhecer os melhores jovens músicos de todo o mundo. É director de CIMA o famoso barítono português Jorge Chaminé.
The origins of Grosseto trace back to the High Middle Ages. It is first mentioned in 803 as a fief of the Counts Aldobrandeschi, in a document stating the assignment of the church of St. George to Ildebrando degli Aldobrandeschi, whose successor where counts of the Grossetana Mark until the end of the 12th century. It grew in importance with years, owing to the decay of Rusellæ (cfr. infra) and Vetulonia. Grosseto was one of the principal Etruscan cities. In 1137 the city was sieged by German troops led by duke Henry X of Bavaria, send by the emperor Lothair III to reinstate his authority over the Aldobrandeschi. One year later the bishopric of Roselle was transferred to Grosseto.
In 1151 the citizens swore loyalty to Siena. When in 1222 the Aldobrandeschi gave the Grossetani the right to have a podestà of their own, together with three councellors and the consuls. In 1244, the city passed again to Siena, together with all the Aldobrandeschi's imperial privileges as the Sienese captured it and were legally invested with it by the imperial vicar; thus Grosseto shared the fortuned of Siena. It became an important stronghold, and the fortress (rocca), the walls and bastions are still to be seen. In 1266 and in 1355, it sought freedom from the overlordship of Siena, but in vain. While Guelph and Ghibelline parties struggled within the city, Umberto and Aldobrandino Aldobrandeschi tried to regain to their family Grosseto. The Senese armies were however victorious, and in 1259 they named a podestà from their city. But Grosseto freed and the year later fought alongside with Florence in the Battle of Montaperti. The following decades saw Grosseto again occupied, ravaged, excommunicated by Pope Clement IV, again free under a republic led by Maria Scozia Tolomei, sieged by emperor Louis IV (1328) and by the antipope Nicholas V in 1336, until it definitively submitted to the most powerful Siena.
The pestilence of 1348 struck hard against Grosseto, whose population in 1369 had reduced to some a hundred of familiar nuclei. Its territory, moreover, was frequently ravaged, as in 1447 by Alfons V of Sicily and in 1455 by Jacopo Piccinino.
The Sienese rule ended in 1559, when Charles V handed over the whole duchy to Cosimo I de Medici, first Grand Duke of Tuscany. In 1574 the construction of a line of walls was begun, which is still today well preserved, while the surrounding plain was dried. Grosseto, however, remained a second rate town, with only 700 inhabitants at the beginning of the 18th century.
Under the rule of the House of Lorraine, Grosseto reflourished. It was given the title of capital of the new Maremma province.
